In March 2025, the European External Action Service (EEAS) released its third major report on Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference (FIMI), unveiling a new analytical model known as the FIMI Exposure Matrix.
This report addresses key challenges and presents generalisable principal issues that need to be considered when making decisions that impact upon attribution investigations and research using open-source data.
This report presents an updated version of the NATO Stratcom CoE and Hybrid CoE IIO Attribution Framework, incorporating new insights and examples that illustrate how it has been and can be applied in practice.