The study conducted by Michał Wenzel, Jakub Kuś and Karina Stasiuk-Krajewska (SWPS University) shifts attention to how populations perceive manipulative content.
This report addresses key challenges and presents generalisable principal issues that need to be considered when making decisions that impact upon attribution investigations and research using open-source data.
This report presents an updated version of the NATO Stratcom CoE and Hybrid CoE IIO Attribution Framework, incorporating new insights and examples that illustrate how it has been and can be applied in practice.